Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracted saponins and flavonols from germinated black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Flavonoids and saponins from common beans have been widely studied due to their bioactivity. This research evaluated the effect of germination of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on the antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines of saponins and flavonoids extracted from seed coats, cotyledons and sprouts. Principal component analysis was performed to achieve punctual associations between the black bean saponins and flavonoids concentrations to the antioxidant capacity and the antiproliferative activities. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts were higher when obtained from seed coats, mainly from the 3rd germination day. The extracts obtained from seed coats after 3 and 5 germination days inhibited all cancer cell lines proliferation with no cytotoxicity against control cells. Genistein was related with the activity against mammary cancer cells but flavonols and group B saponins were more related with hepatic and colon cancers. Non-glycosilated flavonols were related with antioxidant capacity.     

Project governance: case studies on financial incentives

Appropriate financial incentives within construction project coalitions can contribute to effective project governance. However, the dearth of primary research material is partly attributed to the lack of a suitable methodology with which to study projects. Social network analysis (SNA) is proposed as an analytical tool to explore coalition governance. Primary data are presented for three European case studies employing quite different approaches to the use of financial incentives in project governance. The case studies investigate pain share/gain share arrangements implemented under a prime contracting procurement approach; an unusual use of activity-related penalties in the French system of procurement; and the use of guaranteed maximum price supplements within a UK standard form of (without contractor's design) building contract. The use of SNA enables the observation of a number of transaction sets and the formulation of a framework for the quantification of construction project governance. The first case study demonstrates the decentralization of client-orientated financial management, from consultant quantity surveyor to a number of multidisciplinary cluster leaders. The second case study illustrates the importance of incentive contiguity in effective project governance. The third case study uses SNA to demonstrate the way in which financial governance could be transformed through the transference of client-orientated financial management from the client and their professional adviser to the main contractor.

Les incitations financières appropriées, dans le cadre d'un fonds commun relatif à un projet de construction, peuvent contribuer à une gestion efficace du projet. Or, la pénurie de matériel de recherche primaire est attribuée, en partie, à l'absence d'une méthodologie appropriée permettant d'étudier de tels projets. Dans cet article, l'auteur propose l'analyse du réseau social (SNA) comme outil analytique permettant d'explorer la gouvernance collective. L'article présente des données primaires concernant trois études de cas européennes employant des méthodologies tout à fait différentes d'utilisation des incitations financières dans la gouvernance du projet. Ces études de cas portent sur les mécanismes de partage des difficultés/partage des gains mis en ?uvre au titre des approvisionnements par un maître d'?uvre, sur l'usage inhabituel de pénalités liées à l'activité dans le système français des approvisionnements et sur l'usage de suppléments de prix garantis et maximaux dans une forme standard du SNA, au Royaume-Uni, permettant l'observation d'un certain nombre d'ensembles de transactions et la formulation d'un cadre pour la quantification de la gouvernance du projet de construction. La première étude de cas démontre la décentralisation de la gestion financière orientée ‘client’, du consultant métreur-vérificateur vers un certain nombre de responsables de groupes pluridisciplinaires. La deuxième étude de cas illustre l'importance de la contiguïté incitative dans une gouvernance de projet efficace. La troisième étude de cas utilise la SNA pour démontrer comment pourrait être transformée la gouvernance financière en passant d'une gestion financière orientée ‘client’, du client et de son conseiller professionnel, vers le maître d'?uvre.

Mots-clés: modèles de développement, collaboration, gouvernance, incitations, contrats de maître d'oeuvre, approvisionnement, dynamique du projet, organisation du projet, analyse du réseau social, intégration des équipes.     

Enzymatic synthesis of 2′-deoxyadenosine and 6-methylpurine-2′-deoxyriboside by Escherichia coli DH5α overexpressing nucleoside phosphorylases from Escherichia coli BL21

Genes encoding purine nucleoside phosphorylase (deo D), uridine phosphorylase (udp) and thimidine phosphorylase (deo A) from Escherichia coli BL21 were cloned and overexpressed in E. coli DH5α. The recombinant strains were employed to synthesize 2′-deoxyadenosine (dAR) and 6-methylpurine-2′-deoxyriboside (MePdR). Experimental parameters such as strains, temperature, pH, reagent concentration and cell mass were optimized. Under the optimal situation, 96% adenine was converted to dAR and 95% 6-methylpurine (MeP) was converted to MePdR in an hour, using 0.2‰ (dry wt./v) cell paste as biocatalyst.     

Novel acylflavones from Sideritis syriaca ssp. syriaca

In the framework of the detailed phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of Sideritis syriaca, two novel acylflavones were isolated together with three acetylated flavone glycosides and acylated flavone glycosides. The novel acylflavones were identified as isoscutellarein 7-trans-p-coumarate and apigenin 7-,4′-bis(trans-p-coumarate). Their structures were elucidated by means of UV, 1D and 2D NMR, LC–DAD–MS and confirmed by HR-MS spectroscopy.     

选尺法求解哥古猜想解答(续)

哥德巴赫猜想与古叶猜想合成哥古猜想( Goldbach -Guye's Conjecture):任何一个非零偶数(z),都可表达为两个素数(y及x)之‘和’或‘差’;即有z+=y+x,或有z=y-x.当知z+或z-时,如何求解y及x配偶成副呢?文章介绍了求解哥古猜想解答的一种选尺法(利用‘y尺’与‘x尺’间的相对位移)...     

Red wine polyphenols protect n−3 more than n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acid from lipid peroxidation

Moderate red wine consumption is associated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease; however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red wine polyphenols (WP) on the oxidizability of human plasma fatty acids, in particular those most involved in the inflammatory response — archidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The oxidizability of the major fatty acids of plasma was determined by measuring their loss gaschromatographycally during peroxidation kinetics induced by 2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)-dihydrochloride. The capacity of WP to scavenge 1,1,diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and trap total peroxyl radicals in plasma (TRAP) was also measured. WP (1.75–5 μg/mL) inhibited DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals and increased TRAP in a dose-dependent manner. WP (1.75 μg/mL) significantly protected all plasma PUFA from peroxidation but the protection of EPA and DHA was higher than that of AA. These results suggest that the association of WP to apolipoproteins makes EPA and DHA less accessible to hydro-soluble radicals than AA, thus providing a biochemical rationale for future ‘in vivo’ studies on the benefits to health of moderate red wine consumption.     

The systems of primitive roots the degree and rank of prime numbers

Using the notions of the rank and the degree of a prime p≠2 relative to a residue class g(modp), where g is a positive integer with (g,p)= 1, we study the systems of primitive roots. This study leads to the understanding of the behavior of the discrete periodical signals whose values are the digits of the inverses of integers expressed in an arithmetic system with base g.     

Effect of gamma-irradiation on flavour 5′-nucleotides,tyrosine, and phenylalanine in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

The impact of gamma-irradiation on 5′-nucleotides and on the free amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine in fresh mushrooms was studied. After irradiation the samples were freeze-dried to avoid enzyme induced chemical changes. Three 5′-nucleotides could be detected using HPLC–UV and LC–ESI-MS: adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP) and guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP). Irradiation significantly reduced (p = 0.05) the GDP concentration (22%). AMP showed a marked reduction (46%) only at 5 kGy. GMP, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were not affected by gamma-irradiation.     

水性铁锈转化底漆的性能优势

新的高性能水性铁锈转化底漆由复合转化剂接枝的新型水性树脂组成,对锈蚀层具有较好的转化效果,能够形成坚硬且附着力良好的耐腐蚀膜层,在大型钢结构件上替代喷砂、抛丸工艺,在不降低防腐蚀能力的前提下,既能降低成本,又有极好的环保及社会效益。